An estimated 75 percent of women will have at least one episode of VVC, and 40 percent to 45 percent will have two or more episodes. A small percentage of women experience recurrent VVC or RVVC. Typical symptoms of VVC include pruritus and vaginal discharge. Other symptoms may include vaginal soreness, vulvar burning, dyspareunia, and [...]

Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan T. vaginalis, which could be simply identified under the microscope of smear of discharges. Most men who are infected with T. vaginalis do not have symptoms of infection, even though a minority of men has NGU. Many women, on the other hand, do have symptoms of infection. Of these [...]

Ovarian epithelial cancer is a disease in which malignant or cancer cells, which can be examined under the microscope by a pathologist, form in the tissue covering the ovary. The ovaries are a pair of organs in the female reproductive system that are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus or [...]

Endometrial cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues of the endometrium. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus. The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ in a womans pelvis where a fetus grows. Cancer of the endometrium is different from cancer of the muscle of the uterus, which [...]

A complete gynecologic exam must include a thorough physical examination, a visualization of the vulva to look out for abnormal lesions. An internal examination to palpate for masses and the possibility of tenderness in the vaginal walls or cervix. This involves inserting two adequately lubricated fingers into the vaginal orifice and assessing the anatomy through [...]

Gynecology is essentially a study of women, their diseases, infections and illnesses. The specialization focuses on the woman’s reproductive organs namely the uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries, vagina and vulva. This specialization has come a long way in terms of the care of the female. While inspections were previously one of compromise–a procedure designed to preserve [...]

Other conditions that use the dilatation and curettage procedure are Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome wherein the endometrial tissues lining the uterus build-up and become so thick because there is no ovulation hence no normal means to get rid of it. Dilatation and Curettage used to be the most preferred method of abortion, but the World Health [...]

The secret forceps, today known as the Obstetric forceps or the Simpson delivery forceps because it was James Simpson who reinvented the instruments to fil the contours of the pelvis and fetal head. The forceps come in two parts and are handed to the obstetrician one at a time. They have four major components: The [...]

Gynecologic intstruments have been used since ancient Roman times. In an archaologic expedition from Pompeii, vaginal specula, curettes and dilators were discovered. The ancient vaginal specula were large and easily identifiable because they closely resemble the instruments dreaded and feared by most women having gynecologic check-ups today. They maintained the same duck-billed appearance necessary for [...]